Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi.

نویسندگان

  • Sébastien Duplessis
  • Christina A Cuomo
  • Yao-Cheng Lin
  • Andrea Aerts
  • Emilie Tisserant
  • Claire Veneault-Fourrey
  • David L Joly
  • Stéphane Hacquard
  • Joëlle Amselem
  • Brandi L Cantarel
  • Readman Chiu
  • Pedro M Coutinho
  • Nicolas Feau
  • Matthew Field
  • Pascal Frey
  • Eric Gelhaye
  • Jonathan Goldberg
  • Manfred G Grabherr
  • Chinnappa D Kodira
  • Annegret Kohler
  • Ursula Kües
  • Erika A Lindquist
  • Susan M Lucas
  • Rohit Mago
  • Evan Mauceli
  • Emmanuelle Morin
  • Claude Murat
  • Jasmyn L Pangilinan
  • Robert Park
  • Matthew Pearson
  • Hadi Quesneville
  • Nicolas Rouhier
  • Sharadha Sakthikumar
  • Asaf A Salamov
  • Jeremy Schmutz
  • Benjamin Selles
  • Harris Shapiro
  • Philippe Tanguay
  • Gerald A Tuskan
  • Bernard Henrissat
  • Yves Van de Peer
  • Pierre Rouzé
  • Jeffrey G Ellis
  • Peter N Dodds
  • Jacqueline E Schein
  • Shaobin Zhong
  • Richard C Hamelin
  • Igor V Grigoriev
  • Les J Szabo
  • Francis Martin
چکیده

Rust fungi are some of the most devastating pathogens of crop plants. They are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissues and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Their lifestyle has slowed the dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying host invasion and avoidance or suppression of plant innate immunity. We sequenced the 101-Mb genome of Melampsora larici-populina, the causal agent of poplar leaf rust, and the 89-Mb genome of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat and barley stem rust. We then compared the 16,399 predicted proteins of M. larici-populina with the 17,773 predicted proteins of P. graminis f. sp tritici. Genomic features related to their obligate biotrophic lifestyle include expanded lineage-specific gene families, a large repertoire of effector-like small secreted proteins, impaired nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, and expanded families of amino acid and oligopeptide membrane transporters. The dramatic up-regulation of transcripts coding for small secreted proteins, secreted hydrolytic enzymes, and transporters in planta suggests that they play a role in host infection and nutrient acquisition. Some of these genomic hallmarks are mirrored in the genomes of other microbial eukaryotes that have independently evolved to infect plants, indicating convergent adaptation to a biotrophic existence inside plant cells.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Duplications and losses in gene families of rust pathogens highlight putative effectors

Rust fungi are a group of fungal pathogens that cause some of the world's most destructive diseases of trees and crops. A shared characteristic among rust fungi is obligate biotrophy, the inability to complete a lifecycle without a host. This dependence on a host species likely affects patterns of gene expansion, contraction, and innovation within rust pathogen genomes. The establishment of dis...

متن کامل

Advancing Knowledge on Biology of Rust Fungi Through Genomics

Pucciniales are an important group of fungal plant pathogens that cause rust diseases in a diverse group of hosts including ecologically and economically important crops and trees. Rust fungi have intriguing and complex life cycles and are obligate biotrophs. Because of their biological features, these fungi are very difficult to study under laboratory conditions. The recent advances in genomic...

متن کامل

Amino acid uptake in rust fungi

The plant pathogenic rust fungi colonize leaf tissue and feed off their host plants without killing them. Certain economically important species of different genera such as Melampsora, Phakopsora, Puccinia, or Uromyces are extensively studied for resolving the mechanisms of the obligate biotrophy. As obligate parasites rust fungi only can complete their life cycle on living hosts where they gro...

متن کامل

Plant infection and the establishment of fungal biotrophy.

To exploit plants as living substrates, biotrophic fungi have evolved remarkable variations of their tubular cells, the hyphae. They form infection structures such as appressoria, penetration hyphae and infection hyphae to invade the plant with minimal damage to host cells. To establish compatibility with the host, controlled secretory activity and distinct interface layers appear to be essenti...

متن کامل

A Survey of the Gene Repertoire of Gigaspora rosea Unravels Conserved Features among Glomeromycota for Obligate Biotrophy

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a diverse group of soil fungi (Glomeromycota) that form the most ancient mutualistic association termed AM symbiosis with a majority of land plants, improving their nutrition uptake and resistance to stresses. In contrast to their great ecological implications, the knowledge of the molecular biological mechanisms involved is still scant, partly due to the l...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

دوره 108 22  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2011